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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kernel panic</span></span>

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<p>A <b>kernel panic</b> (sometimes abbreviated as <b>KP</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is a safety measure taken by an <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a>'s <a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> upon detecting an internal <a href="Fatal_system_error" title="Fatal system error">fatal error</a> in which either it is unable to safely recover or continuing to run the system would have a higher risk of major data loss. The term is largely specific to <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> and <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems. The equivalent on <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> operating systems is a <a href="Blue_screen_of_death" title="Blue screen of death">stop error</a>, often called a "blue screen of death".

</p><p>The <a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a> routines that handle panics, known as <code>panic()</code> in <a href="AT%26T_Corporation" title="AT&T Corporation">AT&T</a>-derived and <a href="Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a> Unix source code, are generally designed to output an <a href="Error_message" title="Error message">error message</a> to the <a href="System_console" class="mw-redirect" title="System console">console</a>, dump an image of kernel memory to disk for <a href="Post-mortem_debugging" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-mortem debugging">post-mortem debugging</a>, and then either wait for the system to be manually rebooted, or initiate an automatic <a href="Reboot" title="Reboot">reboot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The information provided is of a highly technical nature and aims to assist a <a href="System_administrator" title="System administrator">system administrator</a> or <a href="Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">software developer</a> in diagnosing the problem. Kernel panics can also be caused by errors originating outside <a href="Kernel_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Kernel space">kernel space</a>. For example, many Unix operating systems panic if the <a href="Init" title="Init">init</a> process, which runs in <a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">user space</a>, terminates.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> kernel maintains internal consistency and <a href="Runtime_(program_lifecycle_phase)" class="mw-redirect" title="Runtime (program lifecycle phase)">runtime</a> correctness with <a href="Assertion_(software_development)" title="Assertion (software development)">assertions</a> as the <a href="Fault_detection_and_isolation" title="Fault detection and isolation">fault detection</a> mechanism. The basic assumption is that the hardware and the software should perform correctly and a failure of an assertion results in a <i>panic</i>, i.e. a voluntary halt to all system activity.<sup id="cite_ref-SiewiorekSwarz1998_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SiewiorekSwarz1998-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The kernel panic was introduced in an early version of Unix and demonstrated a major difference between the design philosophies of Unix and its predecessor <a href="Multics" title="Multics">Multics</a>. Multics developer <a href="Tom_van_Vleck" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom van Vleck">Tom van Vleck</a> recalls a discussion of this change with Unix developer <a href="Dennis_Ritchie" title="Dennis Ritchie">Dennis Ritchie</a>:

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<blockquote><p>I remarked to Dennis that easily half the code I was writing in Multics was error recovery code. He said, "We left all that stuff out. If there's an error, we have this routine called panic, and when it is called, the machine crashes, and you holler down the hall, 'Hey, reboot it.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>

<p>The original <code>panic()</code> function was essentially unchanged from Fifth Edition UNIX to the <a href="VAX" title="VAX">VAX</a>-based UNIX 32V and output only an error message with no other information, then dropped the system into an endless idle loop. As the Unix <a href="Codebase" title="Codebase">codebase</a> was enhanced, the <code>panic()</code> function was also enhanced to dump various forms of debugging information to the console.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Causes">Causes</h2></div>

<p>A panic may occur as a result of a hardware failure or a <a href="Software_bug" title="Software bug">software bug</a> in the operating system. In many cases, the operating system is capable of continued operation after an error has occurred. If the system is in an unstable state, rather than risking security breaches and data corruption, the operating system stops in order to prevent further damage, which helps to facilitate diagnosis of the error and may restart automatically.<sup id="cite_ref-Hancock2002_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hancock2002-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>After recompiling a kernel binary image from <a href="Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a>, a kernel panic while <a href="Booting" title="Booting">booting</a> the resulting kernel is a common problem if the kernel was not correctly configured, compiled or installed.<sup id="cite_ref-Jang2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jang2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Add-on hardware or malfunctioning <a href="RAM" class="mw-redirect" title="RAM">RAM</a> could also be sources of fatal kernel errors during start up, due to incompatibility with the OS or a missing <a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">device driver</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pogue2009_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pogue2009-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A kernel may also go into <code>panic()</code> if it is unable to locate a <a href="Root_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Root file system">root file system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kroah-Hartman2007_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kroah-Hartman2007-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the final stages of kernel <a href="Userspace" class="mw-redirect" title="Userspace">userspace</a> initialization, a panic is typically triggered if the spawning of <a href="Init" title="Init">init</a> fails. A panic might also be triggered if the init process terminates, as the system would then be unusable.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauerer2008_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauerer2008-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The following is an implementation of the Linux kernel final initialization in <code>kernel_init()</code>:<sup id="cite_ref-lxr,_init/main.c_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lxr,_init/main.c-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span class="k">static</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">__ref</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">kernel_init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">unused</span><span class="p">)</span>

<span class="cm"> * We try each of these until one succeeds.</span>

<span class="cm"> * The Bourne shell can be used instead of init if we are</span>

<span class="cm"> * trying to recover a really broken machine.</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">execute_command</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">run_init_process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">execute_command</span><span class="p">))</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">pr_err</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"Failed to execute %s. Attempting defaults...</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">execute_command</span><span class="p">);</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">run_init_process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/etc/init"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">run_init_process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/bin/init"</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">||</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">!</span><span class="n">run_init_process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"/bin/sh"</span><span class="p">))</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">return</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">panic</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"No init found. Try passing init= option to kernel. "</span>

<span class="w"> </span><span class="s">"See Linux Documentation/init.txt for guidance."</span><span class="p">);</span>

</pre></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operating_system_specifics">Operating system specifics</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linux">Linux</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Kdump_(Linux)" title="Kdump (Linux)">kdump (Linux)</a></div>

<p>Kernel panics appear in <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> like in other <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems; however, serious but non-fatal errors can generate another kind of error condition, known as a <a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">kernel oops</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, the kernel normally continues to run after <a href="Kill_(Unix)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill (Unix)">killing</a> the offending <a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">process</a>. As an oops could cause some subsystems or resources to become unavailable, they can later lead to a full kernel panic.

</p><p>On Linux, a kernel panic causes keyboard LEDs to blink as a visual indication of a critical condition.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of Linux 6.10, drm_panic was merged allowing <a href="Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a> drivers to support drawing a panic screen to inform the user that a panic occurred. This allows a panic screen to appear even when a display server was running when the panic occurred.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>As of Linux 6.12, drm_panic was extended where the stack trace can be encoded as a <a href="QR_code" title="QR code">QR code</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="macOS">macOS</h3></div>

<p>When a kernel panic occurs in <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> 10.2 through 10.7, the computer displays a multilingual message informing the user that they need to reboot the system.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 10.2, a more traditional Unix-style panic message was displayed; in 10.8 and later, the computer automatically reboots and the message is only displayed as a skippable warning afterward. The format of the message varies from version to version:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>10.0–10.1: The system displays text on the screen, giving details about the error, and becomes unresponsive.</li>

<li>10.2: Rolls down a black transparent curtain then displays a message on a white background informing the user that they should restart the computer. The message is shown in <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a>.</li>

<li>10.3–10.5: Similar to 10.2, but the background of the error message is dark grey.</li>

<li>10.6–10.7: The text has been revised and now includes a <a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> translation.</li>

<li>10.8 and later: The computer becomes unresponsive before it immediately reboots. After restarting, it shows a message for a few seconds informing the user that a problem caused the computer to restart, before continuing to boot. The message now includes a <a href="Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> translation.</li></ul>

<p>If five new kernel panics occur within three minutes of the first one, the Mac will display a <a href="No_symbol" title="No symbol">prohibitory sign</a> for thirty seconds, and then shut down; this is known as a "recurring kernel panic".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In all versions above 10.2, the text is superimposed on a <a href="Power_symbol" title="Power symbol">standby symbol</a> and is not full screen. Debugging information is saved in <a href="Non-volatile_random-access_memory" title="Non-volatile random-access memory">NVRAM</a> and written to a log file on reboot. In 10.7 there is a feature to automatically restart after a kernel panic. In some cases, on 10.2 and later, white text detailing the error may appear in addition to the standby symbol.

</p>

<div class="gallerytext">Mac OS X 10.0–10.1 kernel panic</div>

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<div class="gallerytext">Mac OS X 10.2 kernel panic</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Mac OS X 10.3–10.5 kernel panic</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext"><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X 10.6">Mac OS X 10.6</a> and 10.7 kernel panic</div>

</li>

<div class="gallerytext">Message shown after a system restart due to a kernel panic in <a href="OS_X_10.8" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X 10.8">OS X 10.8</a> and later versions</div>

</li>

</ul>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kernel_panic" class="extiw external" title="commons:Kernel panic"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Kernel panic</span></a>.</div></div>

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<li><a href="Blue_screen_of_death" title="Blue screen of death">Blue screen of death</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatal_system_error" title="Fatal system error">Fatal system error</a></li>

<li><a href="Screen_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen of death">Screen of death</a></li>

<li><a href="Machine-check_exception" title="Machine-check exception">Machine-check exception</a> (MCE)</li>

<li><a href="Reliability%2C_availability_and_serviceability" title="Reliability, availability and serviceability">Reliability, availability and serviceability</a> (RAS)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acronymfinder.com/Kernel-Panic-(Linux)-(KP).html">"KP - Kernel Panic (Linux) | AcronymFinder"</a>. <i>www.acronymfinder.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151026173210/http://www.acronymfinder.com/Kernel-Panic-(Linux)-(KP).html">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unix.com/man-page/FreeBSD/9/panic/">"FreeBSD 11.0 - man page for panic (freebsd section 9) - Unix & Linux Commands"</a>. <i>www.unix.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401232331/https://www.unix.com/man-page/FreeBSD/9/panic/">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unix.com/hp-ux/54221-boot-failure-init-died.html">"boot failure-init died - Unix Linux Forums - HP-UX"</a>. <i>www.unix.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401232240/https://www.unix.com/hp-ux/54221-boot-failure-init-died.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFRandolph_J._Herber1999" class="citation newsgroup cs1">Randolph J. Herber (September 1, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/comp.sys.sgi.admin/HRY5oflBe48/tgnMPZ3vZFQJ">"Re: PANIC: init died"</a>. <a href="Usenet_newsgroup" title="Usenet newsgroup">Newsgroup</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="news:comp.sys.sgi.admin">comp.sys.sgi.admin</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20110122130054/https://groups.google.com/forum/#!original/comp.sys.sgi.admin/HRY5oflBe48/tgnMPZ3vZFQJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-SiewiorekSwarz1998-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SiewiorekSwarz1998_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel_P._SiewiorekRobert_S._Swarz1998" class="citation book cs1">Daniel P. Siewiorek; <a href="Robert_S._Swarz" title="Robert S. Swarz">Robert S. Swarz</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o15pmRSdQIIC&pg=PA622"><i>Reliable computer systems: design and evaluation</i></a>. A K Peters, Ltd. p. 622. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-56881-092-8</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 6,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.multicians.org/unix.html">"Unix and Multics"</a>. <i>www.multicians.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120805155922/http://www.multicians.org/unix.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2005</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Hancock2002-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hancock2002_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_M._Hancock2002" class="citation book cs1">Steven M. Hancock (November 22, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wh438GgIJtEC&pg=PA119"><i>Tru64 UNIX troubleshooting: diagnosing and correcting system problems</i></a>. Digital Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">119–</span>126. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-55558-274-6</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Jang2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jang2006_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Jang2006" class="citation book cs1">Michael Jang (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cNGbObmg6IwC&pg=PA267"><i>Linux annoyances for geeks</i></a>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">267–</span>274. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-00801-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Pogue2009-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pogue2009_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Pogue2009" class="citation book cs1">David Pogue (December 17, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SjuiTv7DepEC&pg=PA589"><i>Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual, Snow Leopard Edition</i></a>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 589. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-80425-1</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Kroah-Hartman2007-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kroah-Hartman2007_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Kroah-Hartman2007" class="citation book cs1">Greg Kroah-Hartman (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1rFLGKO0dywC&pg=PA59"><i>Linux kernel in a nutshell</i></a>. O'Reilly Media, Inc. p. 59. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-596-10079-7</bdi><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Mauerer2008-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mauerer2008_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWolfgang_Mauerer2008" class="citation book cs1">Wolfgang Mauerer (September 26, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e8BbHxVhzFAC&pg=PA1238"><i>Professional Linux Kernel Architecture</i></a>. John Wiley and Sons. pp. <span class="nowrap">1238–</span>1239. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-470-34343-2</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401232239/https://books.google.com/books?id=e8BbHxVhzFAC&pg=PA1238">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-lxr,_init/main.c-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lxr,_init/main.c_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v3.10/init/main.c#L811">"linux/init/main.c"</a>. <i><a href="LXR_Cross_Referencer" title="LXR Cross Referencer">LXR Cross Referencer</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221006174048/http://lxr.linux.no/linux+v3.10/init/main.c#L811">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2022.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch04.pdf">"<i>Linux Device Drivers</i>, Chapter 4"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141114011920/http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch04.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 14, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJames_KirklandDavid_CarmichaelChristopher_L._TinkerGregory_L._Tinker2006" class="citation book cs1">James Kirkland; David Carmichael; Christopher L. Tinker; Gregory L. Tinker (May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FyRhZJ3h3VQC&q=linux+kernel+panic+keyboard+led+blinking&pg=PA62"><i>Linux Troubleshooting for System Administrators and Power Users</i></a>. <a href="Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. p. 62. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9780132797399</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401232239/https://books.google.com/books?id=FyRhZJ3h3VQC&q=linux+kernel+panic+keyboard+led+blinking&pg=PA62#v=snippet&q=linux%20kernel%20panic%20keyboard%20led%20blinking&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on April 1, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/EnableDrmPanic">"Changes/EnableDrmPanic"</a>. <i>Fedora Project Wiki</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_Zimmermann2024" class="citation mailinglist cs1">Thomas Zimmermann (August 29, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lore.kernel.org/dri-devel/20240829144654.GA145538@linux.fritz.box/">"[PULL] drm-misc-next"</a>. <i>dri-devel</i> (Mailing list).</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130521042317/http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3742">"OS X: About kernel panics - Apple Support"</a>. <i>support.apple.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.apple.com/kb/TS3742">the original</a> on May 21, 2013.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120501191934/http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter5/panic/">"A New Screen of Death for Mac OS X"</a>. <i>OSXBook.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osxbook.com/book/bonus/chapter5/panic/">the original</a> on May 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

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</style><div id="Error_messages90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Error_message" title="Error message">Error messages</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">System failure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Fatal_system_error" title="Fatal system error">Fatal system error</a></li>

<li><a href="Guru_Meditation" title="Guru Meditation">Guru Meditation</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Linux kernel oops</a></li>

<li><a href="Xbox_360_technical_problems" title="Xbox 360 technical problems">Red Ring of Death</a></li>

<li><a href="Screen_of_death" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen of death">Screen of death</a>

<li><a href="Black_screen_of_death" title="Black screen of death">Black</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Application failure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abnormal_end" class="mw-redirect" title="Abnormal end">ABEND</a></li>

<li><a href="Fatal_exception_error" title="Fatal exception error">Fatal exception error</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Device and data errors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Not_a_typewriter" title="Not a typewriter">Not a typewriter</a></li>

<li><a href="PC_LOAD_LETTER" title="PC LOAD LETTER">PC LOAD LETTER</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abort%2C_Retry%2C_Fail%3F" title="Abort, Retry, Fail?">Abort, Retry, Fail?</a></li>

<li><a href="Bad_command_or_file_name" title="Bad command or file name">Bad command or file name</a></li>

<li><a href="Halt_and_Catch_Fire_(computing)" title="Halt and Catch Fire (computing)">Halt and Catch Fire</a></li>

<li><a href="Out_of_memory" title="Out of memory">Out of memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Does_not_compute" title="Does not compute">Does not compute</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_HTTP_status_codes" title="List of HTTP status codes">List of HTTP status codes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_FTP_server_return_codes" title="List of FTP server return codes">List of FTP server return codes</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_SMTP_server_return_codes" title="List of SMTP server return codes">List of SMTP server return codes</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Spinning_pinwheel" title="Spinning pinwheel">Spinning pinwheel</a></li>

<li><a href="Windows_wait_cursor" title="Windows wait cursor">Windows wait cursor</a></li>

<li><a href="2024_CrowdStrike-related_IT_outages" title="2024 CrowdStrike-related IT outages">2024 CrowdStrike-related IT outages</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-06-20" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Kernel_panic&oldid=1296571490">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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